Tuberculosis was the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent until the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, coronavirus disease 2019. Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment protocol, the worldwide TB burden remains enormous.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health concern, particularly in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe. Practical, evidence-based imaging algorithms are also presented. Even though chest radiography is the accepted initial radiological imaging modality for the evaluation of children with TB, this paper, the first of two parts, aims to discuss the advantages and limitations of the various medical imaging modalities and to provide recommendations on which is most appropriate for the initial diagnosis and assessment of possible complications of pulmonary TB in children. Clinical history, physical examination, laboratory examinations and various medical imaging tools are combined to establish the diagnosis. TB primarily involves the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes.
Children are amongst the most vulnerable groups affected by TB, and imaging manifestations are different in children when compared to adults. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem and is the second leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, behind the novel coronavirus disease of 2019.
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